2018 Tax Cards

Income tax

Allowances 2018/19 2017/18
Personal Allowance (PA)* £11,850 £11,500
Marriage Allowance † 1,190 1,150
Blind Person’s Allowance 2,390 2,320
Rent a room relief ** 7,500 7,500
Trading income ** 1,000 1,000
Property income ** 1,000 1,000
  • * PA will be withdrawn at £1 for every £2 by which ‘adjusted income’ exceeds £100,000. There will therefore be no allowance given if adjusted income is £123,000 or more (2017/18: £123,000).
  • † The part of the PA that is transferable to a spouse or civil partner who is not a higher or top rate taxpayer.
  • ** If gross income exceeds it, the limit may be deducted instead of actual expenses.
Rate bands 2018/19 2017/18
Basic rate band (BRB) £34,500 £33,500
Higher rate band (HRB) 34,501-150,000 33,501-150,000
Additional rate over 150,000 over 150,000
Personal Savings Allowance (PSA)
– Basic rate taxpayer 1,000 1,000
– Higher rate taxpayer 500 500
Dividend Allowance (DA) 2,000 5,000
  • BRB (Scotland: intermediate rate band) and additional rate threshold are increased by personal pension contributions (up to permitted limit) and Gift Aid donations.
Tax rates 2018/19 and 2017/18
Rates differ for General, Savings and Dividend income G S D
Basic rate 20% 20% 7.5%
Higher rate 40% 40% 32.5%
Additional rate 45% 45% 38.1%
  • General income (salary, pensions, business profits, rent) usually uses personal allowance, basic rate and higher rate bands before savings income (interest). Scottish taxpayers are taxed at different rates on general income (see below).
  • To the extent that savings income falls in the first £5,000 of the basic rate band, it is taxed at nil rather than 20%.
  • The PSA taxes interest at nil, where it would otherwise be taxable at 20% or 40%.
  • Dividends are normally taxed as the ‘top slice’ of income. The DA taxes the first £2,000 (2017/18: £5,000) of dividend income at nil, rather than the rate that would otherwise apply.
Income tax – Scotland 2018/19 Band Rate
Starter rate £2,000 19%
Basic rate 2,001 – 12,150 20%
Intermediate rate 12,151 – 31,580 21%
Higher rate 31,581 – 150,000 41%
Top rate over 150,000 46%
  • The Scottish rates and bands do not apply for savings and dividend income, which are taxed at normal UK rates.
  • In 2017/18, the Scottish rates were the same as in the rest of the UK, except that the higher rate band began at £31,501 rather than £33,501.

 High Income Child Benefit Charge (HICBC)

1% of child benefit for each £100 of adjusted net income between £50,000 and £60,000.

Remittance basis charge 2018/19 2017/18
For non-UK domiciled individuals who have been
UK resident in at least
7 of the preceding 9 tax years £30,000 £30,000
12 of the preceding 14 tax years 60,000 60,000
15 of the preceding 20 tax years Deemed to be UK domiciled

Pensions

Registered pensions 2018/19 2017/18
Lifetime allowance (LA) £1,030,000 £1,000,000
Annual allowance (AA) 40,000 40,000
  • Annual relievable pension inputs are the higher of earnings (capped at AA) or £3,600.
State pension (per week) 2018/19 2017/18
Old state pension – Single person £125.95 £122.30
Old state pension – Married couple 201.45 195.60
New state pension† 164.35 159.55
  • †applies to those reaching state retirement age after 5 April 2016.

Annual investment limits

2018/19 2017/18
Individual Savings Account (ISA)
– Overall limit £20,000 £20,000
– Lifetime ISA 4,000 4,000
Junior ISA 4,260 4,128
EIS – 30% relief* 2,000,000 1,000,000
EIS eligible for CGT deferral relief Unlimited Unlimited
Seed EIS (SEIS) – 50% relief 100,000 100,000
SEIS – 50% exemption for reinvested gains 100,000 100,000
Venture Capital Trust (VCT) – 30% relief 200,000 200,000
  • *For 2018/19, amount over £1m must be invested in ‘knowledge-intensive’ companies.

National Insurance Contributions

Class 1 (Employees)

Employee Employer
Main NIC rate 12.0% 13.8%
No NIC on first £162pw £162pw
Main rate* charged up to £892pw no limit
2% rate on earnings above £892pw N/A
Employment allowance per business** N/A £3,000
  • *Nil rate of employer NIC for employees under the age of 21 and apprentices under 25, up to £892pw.
  • **Some businesses do not qualify, including certain sole director companies.
  • Employer contributions (at 13.8%) are also due on most taxable benefits (Class 1A) and on tax paid on an employee’s behalf under a PAYE settlement agreement (Class 1B).

Class 2 (Self-employed)

Flat rate per week £2.95
Small profits threshold £6,205

Class 3 (Voluntary)

Flat rate per week £14.65

Class 4 (Self-employed)

On profits £8,424 – £46,350 9.0%
On profits over £46,350 2.0%

Vehicle benefits

Cars

Taxable benefit: Chargeable value multiplied by chargeable %.

Chargeable value:

Initial list price of car (including most accessories), reduced by any capital contribution (maximum £5,000) by employee when the car is first made available.

Chargeable percentage:

CO2 emissions g/km* Petrol Diesel
0-50 13% 17%
51-75 16% 20%
76-94 19% 23%
Above 94 Add 1% for every 5g/km
Above 179 (petrol)/ 159 (diesel) 37% maximum
  • *The percentages for petrol cars apply to diesel cars that meet the RDE2 standard.

Vans

Chargeable value of £3,350 (2017/18 £3,230) if private use is more than home-to-work. Electric vans £1340 (2017/18 £646).

Fuel

Employer provides fuel for private motoring in an employer-owned:

Car: CO2-based percentage from above table multiplied by £23,400 (2017/18 £22,600).

Van: £633 (2017/18 £610).

Employee contributions do not reduce taxable figure unless all private fuel is paid for by the employee (in which case there is no benefit charge).

Tax-free mileage allowances

Employee’s own transport per business mile
Cars first 10,000 miles 45p
Cars over 10,000 miles 25p
Business passengers 5p
Motorcycles 24p
Bicycles 20p

Capital gains tax

2018/19 2017/18
Annual exemption
Individuals, estates £11,700 £11,300
Most trusts 5,850 5,650
Tax rate
Individual (to basic rate limit)* 10% 10%
Individual (above basic rate limit)* 20% 20%
Entrepreneurs’ Relief (ER)** 10% 10%
Trusts, estates* 20% 20%
  • *Individuals are taxed at 18%/28% on gains on residential property and receipts of carried interest. Trusts and estates are taxed at 28% in these circumstances.
  • **ER is available for lifetime gains of up to £10m. Qualifying disposals include a trading business and shares in a trading company (from a minimum 5% holding) by an officer/employee. Various conditions apply.

Shares in an unquoted trading company may be eligible for a 10% CGT rate on lifetime gains up to £10m, if disposed of after 5 April 2019 by someone who is neither a paid officer nor employee of the company (Investors’ Relief).

Corporation tax

Year to 31.3.2019 31.3.2018
Corporation Tax rate 19% 19%

 

Research and development relief From 1.4.2018 From 1.4.2017
SME enhanced expenditure
deduction scheme*
130% 130%
Large company R&D Expenditure
Credit (RDEC) scheme**
12% 11%
  • *Additional deduction for qualifying R&D
  • **Taxable expenditure credit for qualifying R&D

SMEs that make losses can surrender the deduction to HMRC in exchange for a payment of 14.5% of the loss.

Main capital allowances

Plant and machinery Limit
100% Annual Investment Allowance (AIA) £200,000

 

Other rates
– energy and water-efficient equipment 100%
– writing down allowance: general pool (reducing balance) 18%
– writing down allowance: special rate pool (reducing balance) 8%
  • The special rate pool includes long life assets, integral plant in buildings, thermal insulation.
Motor cars purchased
From 1.4.18 1.4.15 to 31.3.18 Allowance
CO2 (g/km) CO2 (g/km)
New cars only up to 50 up to 75 100%
In general pool up to 110 up to 130 18% pa
In special rate pool above 110 above 130 8% pa

Property taxes

Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED)

ATED applies to ‘high value’ residential properties owned via a corporate structure, unless the property is used for a qualifying purpose. The tax applies to properties valued at more than £500,000.

Property value Annual charge to
31.3.2019 31.3.2018
£0.5m – £1m £3,600 £3,500
£1m – £2m 7,250 7,050
£2m – £5m 24,250 23,550
£5m – £10m 56,550 54,950
£10m – £20m 113,400 110,100
£20m + 226,950 220,350

Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT), Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (LBTT) and Land Transaction Tax (LTT)

Residential property (1st property only)
SDLT – England & NI
£000
Rate on band LBTT – Scotland
£000
Rate on band LTT – Wales
£000
Rate on band
Up to 125 Nil Up to 145 Nil Up to 180 Nil
125 – 250 2% 145 – 250 2% 180 – 250 3.5%
250 – 925 5% 250– 325 5% 250– 400 5%
925 – 1,500 10% 325 – 750 10% 400 – 750 7.5%
Over 1,500 12% Over 750 12% 250 – 1,000 10%
Over 1,000 6%

LTT replaces SDLT in Wales from 1 April 2018.

  • A supplement of 3% of the total purchase price applies for all three taxes where an additional residential property is purchased for more than £40,000 (unless replacing a main residence). It is also payable by all corporate purchasers.

For SDLT:

  • From 22.11.17, first-time buyers purchasing a property of up to £500,000 pay a nil rate on the first £300,000 of purchase price.
  • A rate of 15% may apply to the total purchase price, where the property is valued above £500,000 and purchased by a ‘non-natural person’ (e.g. a company).
Non-residential or mixed use property
SDLT – England & NI
£000
Rate on band LBTT – Scotland
£000
Rate on band LTT – Wales
£000
Rate on band
Up to 150 Nil Up to 150 Nil Up to 150 Nil
150 – 250 2% 150 – 350 3% 150 – 250 1%
Over 250 5% Over 350 4.5% 250 – 1,000 5%
Over 1,000 6%

Value Added Tax

Value Added Tax

Standard rate (1/6 of VAT-inclusive price) 20%
Registration level from 1.4.2017 £85,000 per annum
Deregistration level from 1.4.2017 83,000 per annum

Flat Rate Scheme (FRS)

Annual taxable turnover to enter scheme Up to £150,000
Must leave scheme if annual taxable turnover Exceeds £230,000
  • If using FRS, the VAT paid by the business is a fixed percentage (based on business category) of ‘FRS turnover’ rather than the net of output tax over input tax. Input tax is usually not recoverable.

Cash accounting and Annual accounting schemes

Annual taxable turnover to enter scheme Up to £1.35m
Must leave scheme if annual taxable turnover Exceeds £1.60m

Inheritance tax

2018/19 2017/18
Nil rate band (NRB)* £325,000 £325,000
NRB Residential enhancement (RNRB)†* 125,000 100,000
Rate of tax above nil rate band** 40% 40%
Tax rate on lifetime transfers to most trusts 20% 20%
  • †RNRB is available for transfers of a main residence to direct descendents. It tapers away at the rate of £1 for every £2 of estate value above £2m.
  • *Up to 100% of the proportion of a deceased spouse’s/civil partner’s unused NRB and RNRB band may be claimed to increment the current NRB and RNRB when the survivor dies.
  • **Rate reduced to 36% if at least 10% of the relevant estate is left to charity. Unlimited exemption for transfers between spouses/civil partners, except if UK domiciled transferor and foreign domiciled transferee, where maximum exemption £325,000.
  • 100% Business Property Relief (BPR) for all shareholdings in qualifying unquoted trading companies, qualifying unincorporated trading businesses and certain farmland/buildings.

Reduced tax charge on gifts within 7 years before death

Years before death 0-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
% of full death tax charge payable 100 80 60 40 20
  • Annual exemptions for lifetime gifts include £3,000 per donor and £250 per recipient.

Key dates and deadlines

Payment dates
Self assessment 2018/19 2017/18
1st payment on account 31 January 2019 2018
2nd payment on account 31 July 2019 2018
Balancing payment 31 January 2020 2019
Capital Gains Tax* 31 January 2020 2019
  • *Non-residents with gains on UK residential property must pay CGT within 30 days of disposal unless already filing a self assessment tax return.
Other payment dates
Class 1A NIC 19 July 2019 2018
Class 1B NIC 19 October 2019 2018

Corporation tax is due 9 months and 1 day from the end of the accounting period, unless a ‘large’ company paying by quarterly instalments.

2017/18 Filing deadlines
Issue P60s to employees 31 May 2018
P11D, P11D(b) 6 July 2018
Self Assessment Tax Return (SATR) paper version 31 October 2018
Online SATR if outstanding tax
to be included in 2019/20 PAYE code
30 December 2018
Online SATR 31 January 2019

Useful rates

National Minimum Wage
Rates per hour
From 1.04.18 From 1.10.17
Aged 25 and over (National Living Wage) £7.83 £7.50
Aged 21 – 24 7.38 7.05
Aged 18 – 20 5.90 5.60
Aged 16 – 17 4.20 4.05
Apprentices 3.70 3.50

 

Child Benefit (per week) 2018/19 2017/18
First eligible child £20.70 £20.70
Each subsequent child 13.70 13.70

You are advised to consult us before acting on any information contained herein.